Abstract Detail

Phylogenomics

Nie, Zelong [1], Hodel, Richard [2], Ma, Zhiyao [3], Johnson, Gabriel [4], Ren, Chen [5], Meng, Ying [1], Ickert-Bond, Steffi [6], Liu, Xiu-Qun [7], Zimmer, Elizabeth [8], Wen, Jun [9].

Boreotropical refugia and extensive introgressions explain the revival of north temperate diversity in the New World grapes.

The north temperate zone was characterized by a warm climate and a rich Boreotropical flora in the Eocene, but the origin and diversification of the modern temperate biome under global climate cooling remain unresolved. Furthermore, it is becoming clear that hybridization and introgression are driving forces of speciation in plant diversity. Here, we apply methods from historical biogeography and phylogenetic networks to account for both incomplete lineage sorting and introgression using phylogenomic data from the New World grapes (Vitis subgenus Vitis), a charismatic component of the temperate North American flora with known and suspected gene flow among species. The New World grapes were inferred to have a relict and ancestral distribution from Central America centered around tropical Mexico from the Paleocene to the Eocene, followed by northward migration and subsequent radiations in temperate North America during the Miocene. We find strong genomic evidence for widespread discordance and reticulate evolution among nuclear loci within both ancient and recent lineages of the temperate diversification. Furthermore, the histories of organellar genomes show strong discordance with the inferred species tree from the nuclear genome. Phylogenomic analyses provided a rigorous and probabilistic assessment of the wide occurrence of reticulate evolution in the New World grapes, which would be one of the most important causes for the diversification of grape species in temperate North America and even the whole north temperate zone. This study offers a compelling case of the revival of modern temperate diversity resulting from a hypothesis of Boreotropical refugia with extensive network-like gene flow, which probably represents a common model of temperate evolution in flowering plants under global climate cooling and fluctuations.

1 - Jishou University, College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou, Hunan, 416000, China
2 - National Museum of Natural History, Botany, MRC 166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
3 - Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, United States
4 - National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 166, Washington, DC, 20560-0166, United States
5 - South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510650, China
6 - University of Alaska Fairbanks, Herbarium (ALA) and Dept of Biology and Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
7 - Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
8 - Smithsonian NMNH, Botany MRC 166, P.O. Box 37102, Smithsonian National Museum Of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20013, United States
9 - Botany, MRC-166 National Museum Of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave., NW, Mrc 166, Washington/DC, 20013, United States

Keywords:
Boreotropical refugia
New World grapes
temperate radiation
reticulate evolution
phylogenomics
biogeography
Vitis
Vitaceae.

Presentation Type: Oral Paper
Number: PHYLO II009
Abstract ID:713
Candidate for Awards:None