Abstract Detail

Hybrids and Hybridization

Obando González, Rosa Irma [1], Ruiz Medrano, Roberto [1], Calderón Pérez, Berenice [1], Núñez Muñoz, Leandro Alberto [1], Xoconostle Cázares, Beatriz [1].

Generation of new genetic variants of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum spp.).

Worldwide, tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and peppers (Capsicum spp.) are vegetables with greater economic and cultural importance. Tomato is considered a crop of great social and economic value in Mexico, which led the exporting countries of fresh tomato in 2020 with a 26.1% global share. On the other hand, pepper has become a commodity of global importance; actually, Mexico is also the world’s main exporter of fresh peppers with 29% global share and an average annual production of 3.2 million tons.
Currently, these crops are challenged by diseases and pests, incluiding emergent threats. Plant genetic diversity is recognized as a strategy for crop improvement since new or improved cultivars with desirable characteristics can be developed. The induction of polyploidy and sexual hybridization are improvement techniques in plants that allow generating genetic variation, providing desirable characteristics for agriculture such as high productivity, improved fruit quality, desirable leaf structural traits, greater flower and seed size, and pest and disease resistance.
Were generate new varieties of tomato and pepper through polyploidy induction and sexual hybridization techniques. These new varieties were obtained using antimitotic drugs, and their ploidy status was analyzed using flow cytometry as well their agronomic characteristics. In addition, the generation of new varieties of pepper through the following crosses: Capsicum annuum var. Jalapeño x Capsicum annuum, Capsicum annum x Capsicum chinense, and Capsicum annuum var. Jalapeño x Capsicum chinense will be presented.

1 - CINVESTAV, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX, 07360, México

Keywords:
polyploidy
hybridization
hybrid
tomato
pepper.

Presentation Type: Oral Paper
Number: HH2006
Abstract ID:823
Candidate for Awards:Margaret Menzel Award